OER4Schools/3.4 Group work with ICT: Difference between revisions

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{{OER4S}}
OER4S
|title={{Get session title}}
|session=7.4


{{draft}}
[[Category:OER4S Chapter-style pages]]


[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}]]
{{OER4SchoolsWSInfo
 
|intention={{ OER4SchoolsWSInfo/intention intro}}  
= Review of homework =
* seating arrangements
 
* sharing computers
Last time:
* the role of non-ICT resources
* Try out your groupwork with ICT. Video some of the groupwork if you can (ideally a colleague can do this for you so they can capture you as well as the pupils) and upload it to the server.
* Remember to think about your own role in the classroom; it is not just to monitor progress but also to interact with pupils, assess their understanding, offer support and help move their thinking forward. Sometimes a group will even need you to sit with them and offer intensive support to progress. Think about how you can identify this need?
|success criteria={{ OER4SchoolsWSInfo/criteria intro}}


|ict={{ OER4SchoolsWSInfo/ICT intro}}


= Judith's workshop reflections =
[[Image:judith-portrait.jpg|thumb|200px]]
{{ednote|text=
Continue with reading, and listening to the clips.
}}
}}


Later in the OER4Schools workshop Judith indicated how her thinking had changed through discussion with her peers, illustrating her open mind and flexibility as a reflective teacher:
{{todo|This is a spare session - designate it as such, and put it somewhere.}}
<blockquote>
''“I have learnt from that to say, so those if they remain like that [slow learners together], they will remain like that forever. They can never learn anything from others. So the best I can do, just the way we have been discussing, to say, it’s better to mix them so that, at least, even them can learn something from the rest of the group. So to me this is an advantage I have gained.”''
</blockquote>


In a subsequent interview Judith was probed to elaborate and reflect further on the incident when pupils laughed at the low-achieving group. She concluded that mixed ability grouping would be better than same ability grouping. Listen to these 2 very short excerpts from that interview.
= Review of homework =


'''Judith's Interview - Clip 1''': [[File:Judith_interview_clip_1_fine.mp3]]
{{review of follow up}}
(For [[CBS]], [http://192.168.128.1/oer4schools/PLAY.php?video=Judith_interview_clip_1_fine.mp3 local playback],
[http://192.168.128.1/oer4schools/Judith_interview_clip_1_fine.mp3 local download])


{{background|text=
'''''Transcript for clip 1:''' We have learned that if we mix them up then it is to the advantage of the slow learners because they are able to learn from their friends because when they are bringing group work every child will want to participate in group work. So, through interactive ICT, which we have learned, it is really helping pupils to share more ideas, including those who used to be idle. They are able to participate now. At a certain point sometimes, it is even them [idle pupils] now, who report, in their groups if the work is to report after finding the answers, they even get it and they report also. So, they are participating. It is helping every child in the class. Yes.''
}}


'''Judith's Interview - Clip 2''': [[File:Judith interview clip 2 fine.mp3]]
(For [[CBS]], [http://192.168.128.1/oer4schools/PLAY.php?video=Judith_interview_clip_2_fine.mp3 local playback],
[http://192.168.128.1/oer4schools/Judith_interview_clip_2_fine.mp3 local download])


{{background|text=
= Groupwork with computers: Seating arrangements =
'''''Transcript for clip 2:''' The government has a policy whereby children have to be put in ability groups. So that time, when you came, the children were in their own ability groups. Yes. So, they worked according to their ability groups. So those four, because I put them into fours, but in that group of slow learners they are not only four, they are nine. But, the others within their group, the other group who have stayed the other side, they managed to get everything correct. But those four, they failed. The other contributing factors, those four who stayed alone, they usually don’t come to school. Yes, they absent themselves.''
}}
 
= Reflection followed by discussion in pairs =
{{ednote|text=
Initially participants reflect on their own (for a short period of time), making notes if they like.
 
Then participants reflect and discuss in groups.
}}
 
 
{{activity|Reflection}} Consider the following statements and associated questions for reflection on Judith’s clips:
 
In this interview Judith informed us that there were 9 slow learners in her class and only 4 formed a slow pace group; these 4 scored 0 but the other 5 were dispersed in other groups who got correct answers to the same problems. This indicates that not only is ''participation'' higher in mixed pace groups but ''achievement'' can be too (and research with bigger samples backs this up). Nevertheless, the 4 who achieved poorly were also regularly absent so their prior knowledge base was probably lower.
 
'''Do you think this means that the absentees are even more likely to benefit from peer interaction in a mixed group?'''
 
Judith was quick and effective at discouraging pupils from laughing at the low achieving group.
 
'''What other things could a teacher do during the lesson to prevent this situation? '''
 
{{activity|Pair / small group discussion}} Suggested questions for reflection on both examples (on the audio and video clips from Agness and Judith):
* What in your opinion is the effect of labelling groups as low, middle or high ability of the pupils?
* How would you like to form groups supportive of everyone’s learning? Why?
 
{{Ednote|text=
Additional things to consider:
* helping low achieving group while everybody else is working in their groups
* peer support within a mixed pace group
* assigning roles within group
}}
 
= Groupwork with computers =
[[Image:computer lab booths.jpg|400px|thumb|Children in a computer lab working in booths]]
[[Image:computer lab booths.jpg|400px|thumb|Children in a computer lab working in booths]]
[[Image:Lab in a lab.jpg|400px|thumb|Interaction around a table]]
[[Image:Lab in a lab.jpg|400px|thumb|Interaction around a table]]
{{ednote|text=
{{ednote|text=
If you are starting to run out of time, then skip this section - it can be done as part of the next session!
By this stage we've reflected on and trialled group work quite a few times. We now look at how ICT fits into the picture.
}}
}}
{{activity|Whole group discussion| on computer lab layout.|10}} Read the following background text, and discuss any issues that arise.


{{background|text=
We now consider the role of computers in group work. Mobile computing technologies (such as netbooks or tablets) are very versatile and can be used as and when needed. By contrast, computer labs are now becoming outdated in schools as they remove technology from subject teaching and learning and from the normal classroom environment and teaching aids. Many do not even have a blackboard. Some of the issues are:
We now consider the role of computers in group work. Mobile computing technologies (such as netbooks or tablets) are very versatile and can be used as and when needed. By contrast, computer labs are now becoming outdated in schools as they remove technology from subject teaching and learning and from the normal classroom environment and teaching aids. Many do not even have a blackboard. Some of the issues are:
* Moving a class into the computer room is disruptive to teaching (especially in primary)
* Moving a class into the computer room is disruptive to teaching (especially in primary)
Line 87: Line 44:


Experience shows that an island arrangement works best, ideally large hexagonal tables, but large round or square tables are fine too.  
Experience shows that an island arrangement works best, ideally large hexagonal tables, but large round or square tables are fine too.  
 
}}
{{ednote|text=
{{ednote|text=
Discuss some of the following statements and questions:
Discuss some of the following statements and questions:
Line 94: Line 51:
}}
}}


{{activity|Drawing}} Draw a sketch to show how you would arrange computers among groups.
{{activity|Individual activity|: Drawing a computer lab.|5}} Draw a sketch to show how you would arrange computers among groups.
 
= Groupwork with computers: Sharing resources across groups =


[[Image:Many students behind one netbook.jpg|thumb|300px|Many students trying to use one netbook]]
[[Image:Many students behind one netbook.jpg|thumb|300px|Many students trying to use one netbook]]
[[Image:oer4s groupwork with computers2.jpg|300px|thumb|Interaction around a tablet]]
[[Image:oer4s groupwork with computers2.jpg|300px|thumb|Interaction around a tablet]]
{{activity|Reading||2}}.  Read the following.
{{background|text=
'''Access to computers: “We need more computers." '''
'''Access to computers: “We need more computers." '''
Many schools don’t have access to computers at all, but where schools do have access, it is often felt that there are not enough computers. How many computers would a school need? While some might say that one computer per child, or perhaps one computer per two children would be ideal, for many schools (and classrooms) this is totally unrealistic. In general, when you have access to computers, you should therefore make sure that the computers are used in the best way possible in your context. We now consider how to deal with shortage of computers in group work.
Many schools don’t have access to computers at all, but where schools do have access, it is often felt that there are not enough computers. How many computers would a school need? While some might say that one computer per child, or perhaps one computer per two children would be ideal, for many schools (and classrooms) this is unrealistic. In general, when you have access to computers, you should therefore make sure that the computers are used in the best way possible in your context. We now consider how to make best use of whatever computers are available during group work.
}}


{{activity|Pair work}}. Spend 5 minutes as pairs, considering the following scenario: You have 60 children in your class, and 10 computers. How would you arrange the groups, how would you distribute the computers, how would you structure the lesson?
{{activity|Pair work| on sharing computers.|5}}. Spend 5 minutes as pairs, considering the following scenario: You have 60 children in your class, and 10 computers. How would you arrange the groups, how would you distribute the computers, how would you structure the lesson?


To help with this, consider the following questions:
To help with this, consider the following questions:
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* If you only have a few computers, it is better to operate a carousel so everyone gets a chance?  
* If you only have a few computers, it is better to operate a carousel so everyone gets a chance?  


 
{{activity|Presentation and discussion|10}} Go round all the pairs, who very briefly present their suggestions. Discuss the various outcomes. What different proposals are there?
{{activity|Discussion}} Discuss the outcomes of your reflection. What different proposals are there?


{{ednote|text=
{{ednote|text=
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'''Refer to the two pictures above: In the picture with many children behind one netbook, do you think the children are using the netbook effectively? In the picture with the tablet, are the children interacting?'''
'''Refer to the two pictures above: In the picture with many children behind one netbook, do you think the children are using the netbook effectively? In the picture with the tablet, are the children interacting?'''
}}
}}
Here are two more pictures you can consider, regarding how children are sitting around a computer: In one picture, the screen us upright, and all the pupils are squeezing in behind. In the other picture, the screen is flat, allowing the children to sit around the screen.
[[File:Group-work-behind-computer.jpg|300px]] [[File:Group-work-around-computer.jpg|300px]]
= Groupwork with computers: Sharing resources within groups =


Having considered how computers are distributed among groups, we now consider how the computer can be shared equally within groups.  
Having considered how computers are distributed among groups, we now consider how the computer can be shared equally within groups.  


{{activity|Pair work}}. Consider the following question: What would you do if there are some students who always control the computer, while other group members never get to use it? Would you say that it is sensible to mix computer-literate pupils with novices? How will you ensure they help rather than dominate their peers?
{{activity|Pair work|5}}. In pairs, consider the following questions:  
* What would you do if there are some students who always control the computer, while other group members never get to use it?  
* Would you say that it is sensible to mix computer-literate pupils with novices?  
* How will you ensure they help rather than dominate their peers?
 
{{activity|Discussion|10}} Discuss the outcomes of your reflection as a whole class.
 
{{ednote|text=You should discuss strategies for access to computers within the group, i.e. rotating access to trackpad. You could also discuss the benefits of using tablets or putting computer screen flat (where this is possible).


{{ednote|text=You should discuss strategies for access to computers within the group, i.e. rotating access to trackpad. You could also discuss the benefits of using tablets or putting computer screen flat (where this is possible).
It's important to create an environment where all pupils can participate. It's very important to make this explicit as the goal for group work: Everybody should have a go on the computer, not just the students who can type fast.  
 
Come up with strategies for how you can achieve this. For example, in a group of 4, the students need to change over: For example, after a set period of time, access to the computer is rotated. This could be facilitated by giving each student a bottle top when they use the computer (but only on first use). At the end of the task, part of the evaluation is how many bottle tops your group got.
}}
}}


{{activity|Discussion}} Discuss the outcomes of your reflection as a whole class.
= Groupwork with computers: The role of non-ICT resources =
 
{{activity|Pair work|5}} In pairs, discuss the role of mini-blackboards in groupwork with and without computers. How can mini-blackboards support interactive teaching? How can mini-blackboards support groupwork with computers? What other non-ICT resources can you think of, which can be used with computers? How?
 
{{ednote|text=
If you need to provide further input, remind them of Eness' lesson on vertebrates. In this lesson the pupils were using the tablets to look at pictures of animals, while they were using mini-blackboards to write down their observations.
 
You could also do a short brainstorm about what resources you can think of, that might support group work? E.g. books, newspapers, other technology (like radio), things found in the natural environment, etc. Get participants to think creatively about what might be available in the local environment.
}}
 
{{activity|Discussion|10}} Discuss the outcomes of your reflection as a whole class.
 
= Planning a lesson using groupwork and ICT =
 
{{ednote|text=Ensure that you have plenty of time for this task to be planned!
 
You should allow at least half an hour to 45 min.
}}
 
{{activity|Plan a lesson in year groups}} Plan a lesson together in year groups (i.e. all grade 4 teachers plan a lesson for grade 4 together; grade 5 teachers together for grade 5; etc).
* Discuss with your colleagues (from the same grade) which topics you have coming up next week, and whether some of these topics would work particularly well with groupwork and ICT.
* Make active use of the computers in the lab to identify digital resources together.
* Devise an '''open''' activity where groups have a shared goal and where outcomes may differ between groups, for a lesson you are teaching next week.
** Consider: How will you ensure everyone participates and everyone learns? How will you stretch all learners?
** What will you say to the groups to ensure this? (Make a note in your lesson template.)
** '''Explicitly ask groups to make sure everyone understands the new concept or process; make it their responsibility to support each other and check this is happening.'''
* Consider whether you can assign different roles within the group.
* Consider how the computers will be swapped between groups, and between pupiles within a group, to ensure that there is effective access for everybody.
 
= Follow-up activities =
{{activity|Agreeing follow up activities|5}}
 
Try out your groupwork with ICT. As the week progresses, the teachers within each grade should share the experiences. That is to say, if you are the first teacher to teach this lesson, meet your colleagues afterwards, and discuss with them how it went, and what improvements could be made.


{{activity|Pair work}} What role do mini-blackboards play in groupwork? With and without computers?
As you teach the lesson remember to think about your own role in the classroom; it is not just to monitor progress but also to interact with pupils, assess their understanding, offer support and help move their thinking forward. Sometimes a group will even need you to sit with them and offer intensive support to progress. Think about how you can identify this need?


{{activity|Discussion}} Discuss the outcomes of your reflection as a whole class.
During the lessons, remember to encourage groups to let everybody within the group have a go at using the ICT!


= Planning a lesson =
Video some of the groupwork if you can (ideally a colleague can do this for you so they can capture you as well as the pupils) and upload it to the server.


Grade 4 teachers plan a lesson for grade 4s together.
{{setting of follow up}}


= Homework =
{{activity summary}}


Teach the lesson.
{{OER4S_NextSession}}

Latest revision as of 15:35, 31 January 2015

OER4S |title=Group work with ICT |session=7.4

Learning intentions and objectives.
In this session you will learn about:

  • seating arrangements
  • sharing computers
  • the role of non-ICT resources

Success criteria.
To meet the learning intentions you will:

ICT components.
The ICT components you will focus on are


This is a spare session - designate it as such, and put it somewhere.

See other pages with 'To Do's.

Review of homework

Edit this review section
Educator note

If you are running a professional learning programme which follows these sessions in sequence, then you should do the review of follow-up activities relating to the (Category:OER4S CPD). The 'review of follow-up activities' for that session is available, and also shown below in the session text. However, if you are following selected sessions in a different order, then you should use the reflection appropriate to the previous session you did.

The review of the follow-up activities for this session (to be done at the start of the next session) is available here.

Educator note

There is no review of follow-up activities from last session available. You can go to the previous session () and.


Groupwork with computers: Seating arrangements

Children in a computer lab working in booths
Interaction around a table
Educator note

By this stage we've reflected on and trialled group work quite a few times. We now look at how ICT fits into the picture.

Activity icon.png Whole group discussion (10 min) on computer lab layout. Read the following background text, and discuss any issues that arise.

Background reading

We now consider the role of computers in group work. Mobile computing technologies (such as netbooks or tablets) are very versatile and can be used as and when needed. By contrast, computer labs are now becoming outdated in schools as they remove technology from subject teaching and learning and from the normal classroom environment and teaching aids. Many do not even have a blackboard. Some of the issues are:

  • Moving a class into the computer room is disruptive to teaching (especially in primary)
  • Computer labs can enforce a rigid seating pattern if benches are fixed.
    • If you have a computer lab with desktop machines, can it be re-arranged to support groupwork?
    • If machines are located around the perimeter (learners have backs to each other and teacher), or in rows, this is not conducive to collaborative learning.
  • Some computer rooms even partition off machines so learners cannot interact

The seating arrangement. Sometimes labs are arranged in a certain way, because of certain concerns. For instance, if the school administration is worried about off-task behaviour, computers are arranged in rows. However, this isn’t a good solution, as it interferes with groupwork. Instead, if a teacher is worried about off-task behaviour, they can cruise around the room!

Experience shows that an island arrangement works best, ideally large hexagonal tables, but large round or square tables are fine too.

Educator note

Discuss some of the following statements and questions:

  • How would you interact with learners in these various setups? For instance, if computers are arranged in rows, what would the interaction be like? If they were sitting in groups, what would the interaction be like? For these activities, refer to the two pictures above! What is the interaction like in the picture that shows the booths in the comptuter room?
  • With mobile technologies, what are good ways to configure group seating? Refer to the picture of our lab!

Activity icon.png Individual activity (5 min): Drawing a computer lab. Draw a sketch to show how you would arrange computers among groups.

Groupwork with computers: Sharing resources across groups

Many students trying to use one netbook
Interaction around a tablet

Activity icon.png Reading (2 min)'. Read the following.

Background reading

Access to computers: “We need more computers." Many schools don’t have access to computers at all, but where schools do have access, it is often felt that there are not enough computers. How many computers would a school need? While some might say that one computer per child, or perhaps one computer per two children would be ideal, for many schools (and classrooms) this is unrealistic. In general, when you have access to computers, you should therefore make sure that the computers are used in the best way possible in your context. We now consider how to make best use of whatever computers are available during group work.

Activity icon.png Pair work (5 min) on sharing computers.. Spend 5 minutes as pairs, considering the following scenario: You have 60 children in your class, and 10 computers. How would you arrange the groups, how would you distribute the computers, how would you structure the lesson?

To help with this, consider the following questions:

  • In devising groupings consider how many children can see the screen and get hands-on experience.
  • If you only have a few computers, it is better to operate a carousel so everyone gets a chance?

Activity icon.png Presentation and discussion (10 min). Go round all the pairs, who very briefly present their suggestions. Discuss the various outcomes. What different proposals are there?

Educator note

Often the computers would be distributed equally (in this case one computer per group of 6), and all groups would do that same task. This distribution may well be seen a equitable. However, in practice, more than 3-4 children per computer does not work well.

Another way is to do different tasks groupwork, where some groups do computer-based work, while others do non-computer-based work. After a period of time, you can swap around the tasks, so that the groups which were not using a computer can now use one.

Refer to the two pictures above: In the picture with many children behind one netbook, do you think the children are using the netbook effectively? In the picture with the tablet, are the children interacting?

Here are two more pictures you can consider, regarding how children are sitting around a computer: In one picture, the screen us upright, and all the pupils are squeezing in behind. In the other picture, the screen is flat, allowing the children to sit around the screen.

Group-work-behind-computer.jpg Group-work-around-computer.jpg

Groupwork with computers: Sharing resources within groups

Having considered how computers are distributed among groups, we now consider how the computer can be shared equally within groups.

Activity icon.png Pair work (5 min).. In pairs, consider the following questions:

  • What would you do if there are some students who always control the computer, while other group members never get to use it?
  • Would you say that it is sensible to mix computer-literate pupils with novices?
  • How will you ensure they help rather than dominate their peers?

Activity icon.png Discussion (10 min). Discuss the outcomes of your reflection as a whole class.

Educator note

You should discuss strategies for access to computers within the group, i.e. rotating access to trackpad. You could also discuss the benefits of using tablets or putting computer screen flat (where this is possible).

It's important to create an environment where all pupils can participate. It's very important to make this explicit as the goal for group work: Everybody should have a go on the computer, not just the students who can type fast.

Come up with strategies for how you can achieve this. For example, in a group of 4, the students need to change over: For example, after a set period of time, access to the computer is rotated. This could be facilitated by giving each student a bottle top when they use the computer (but only on first use). At the end of the task, part of the evaluation is how many bottle tops your group got.

Groupwork with computers: The role of non-ICT resources

Activity icon.png Pair work (5 min). In pairs, discuss the role of mini-blackboards in groupwork with and without computers. How can mini-blackboards support interactive teaching? How can mini-blackboards support groupwork with computers? What other non-ICT resources can you think of, which can be used with computers? How?

Educator note

If you need to provide further input, remind them of Eness' lesson on vertebrates. In this lesson the pupils were using the tablets to look at pictures of animals, while they were using mini-blackboards to write down their observations.

You could also do a short brainstorm about what resources you can think of, that might support group work? E.g. books, newspapers, other technology (like radio), things found in the natural environment, etc. Get participants to think creatively about what might be available in the local environment.

Activity icon.png Discussion (10 min). Discuss the outcomes of your reflection as a whole class.

Planning a lesson using groupwork and ICT

Educator note

Ensure that you have plenty of time for this task to be planned!

You should allow at least half an hour to 45 min.

Activity icon.png Plan a lesson in year groups (11 min). Plan a lesson together in year groups (i.e. all grade 4 teachers plan a lesson for grade 4 together; grade 5 teachers together for grade 5; etc).

  • Discuss with your colleagues (from the same grade) which topics you have coming up next week, and whether some of these topics would work particularly well with groupwork and ICT.
  • Make active use of the computers in the lab to identify digital resources together.
  • Devise an open activity where groups have a shared goal and where outcomes may differ between groups, for a lesson you are teaching next week.
    • Consider: How will you ensure everyone participates and everyone learns? How will you stretch all learners?
    • What will you say to the groups to ensure this? (Make a note in your lesson template.)
    • Explicitly ask groups to make sure everyone understands the new concept or process; make it their responsibility to support each other and check this is happening.
  • Consider whether you can assign different roles within the group.
  • Consider how the computers will be swapped between groups, and between pupiles within a group, to ensure that there is effective access for everybody.

Follow-up activities

Activity icon.png Agreeing follow-up activities (5 min).

Try out your groupwork with ICT. As the week progresses, the teachers within each grade should share the experiences. That is to say, if you are the first teacher to teach this lesson, meet your colleagues afterwards, and discuss with them how it went, and what improvements could be made.

As you teach the lesson remember to think about your own role in the classroom; it is not just to monitor progress but also to interact with pupils, assess their understanding, offer support and help move their thinking forward. Sometimes a group will even need you to sit with them and offer intensive support to progress. Think about how you can identify this need?

During the lessons, remember to encourage groups to let everybody within the group have a go at using the ICT!

Video some of the groupwork if you can (ideally a colleague can do this for you so they can capture you as well as the pupils) and upload it to the server.

Educator note

In the next session, these follow-up activities will be reviewed. If you are using this session on its own, you can have a look at the review of follow-up activities here.


Educator note

At the end of each session, we provide an overview of the activities in this session, together with their suggested timings. Although this appears at the end of the session (for technical reasons), you should keep an eye on this throughout the session, to make sure that you are pacing the workshop session appropriately!

Total time: 78 (min)

Activities in this session:

  • Whole group discussion (10 min) on computer lab layout.
  • Individual activity (5 min): Drawing a computer lab.
  • Reading (2 min)'
  • Pair work (5 min) on sharing computers.
  • Presentation and discussion(10 min).
  • Pair work(5 min).
  • Discussion(10 min).
  • Pair work(5 min).
  • Discussion(10 min).
  • Plan a lesson in year groups(11 min).
  • Agreeing follow-up activities(5 min).

If you have printed this session for offline use, you may also need to download the following assets:


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