Interactive teaching in literacy and language
Introduction
This professional development resource for teachers provides examples of practical ideas and techniques to promote interactive teaching across the Literacy and Languages curriculum. As stated in the 2003 Zambia Basic Education Literacy and Language Syllabus:
Listening and Speaking skills are very important. Learning to listen accurately and respond to the spoken word increases the pupil’s confidence, builds up their receptive skills and allows them to be exposed to different forms of language. This is the reason why listening and speaking skills are the basis of all language work.
The strategies and ideas outlined are all designed to promote listening and speaking and active learning, which are key features of interactive teaching. In addition to supporting the general outcomes for Listening and Speaking in the Syllabus, these activities and techniques also help to promote pupil engagement with, and achievement in, Reading for Comprehension and Writing through multimodal and multisensory interactions and expression. They encourage pupils to explore, discuss and build on their own and others’ ideas, enabling them to create joint knowledge products and take responsibility for their own learning.
This collection of ideas is designed to provide ideas for lesson starters, including ‘warm ups’ and games and lesson introductions to be used in whole class teaching and discussions. However, these practical ideas can also be used in small group work during a lesson, or at the end of a lesson (plenary) to consolidate learning and provide opportunities for assessment of pupils’ understanding. Some examples are provided to demonstrate how the activities can be extended to a whole lesson.
A suggested teaching sequence for Literacy and Language lessons is this
lesson plan:
Objective: Date: |
| 1. Lesson starter/warm up (whole class) |
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| 2. Lesson introduction (whole class) |
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| 3. Main activity (group & independent work) |
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| 4. Plenary (whole class) |
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Following an interactive lesson, it is helpful to display examples of the children’s working ideas and completed work. The process and thinking that has occurred during the lesson is important. Displays can be annotated with questions and pupils’ thoughts about what they have been working on and achieved.
The activities outlined are not intended to be used as prescriptive lesson plans, but can be modified and adapted to meet lesson objectives as appropriate.
Resources required
Most of the activities suggested require only blackboard and chalk for the teacher and paper and pencils/pens for pupils, although sets of mini blackboards for pupils are desirable in order for them to be able to display their thinking following talk. Wherever possible, images and objects can also be used to stimulate talk and thinking. Books and texts are also valuable resources as stimuli for active learning.
Overview
Section 1. Warm ups, games, and introductions
These ideas are intended as quick fire warm ups to fire the brain into a mood for reading, writing and performance. They help to establish a creative atmosphere and prepare the ground for more in-depth and longer periods of work. They can be used as a standalone activity in their own right in the lesson starter or introduction, but the initial ideas generated can also be used as a stimulus for the main teaching activity or may be extended into a whole lesson. The talk or writing generated by the warm ups and games can also be stored away for future use as, whilst they are part of limbering up, they may also produce thoughts and writing which may be useful elsewhere.
Lesson introductions are vital!
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The space shuttle metaphor is useful here; the shuttle uses 90% of its fuel in the first 30 seconds of launch. Lesson starters are similar; if pupils are engaged at the outset, then the learning is more likely to be successful throughout the lesson.
- Games to establish a creative mood
- Using images
- Creative games with stories
- Writing games
- Sentence and Grammar games
- Write aloud (say it – write it) whole lesson activity
- What is ‘Talk for Writing’?
- Book talk
- Writer talk
- Story telling and making
- Word and language games
- Role play and drama
- Talk partners and thought-showering
- Think-pair-share
- Snowballing
- Information gap
- Statements game
- Rainbowing
- Jigsaw
- Envoys
- Group work and drama
