Teaching Approaches/Adapting and sharing resources: Difference between revisions
SimonKnight (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
SimonKnight (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
=Copyright= | =Copyright= | ||
==How to Stay Within the Law== | |||
{{adaptedfrom|Copyright: Keep it legal/Resource|CopyrightWithinTheLaw|Everyone has favourite websites they use to find information. You may have found some new ones that looked very useful when you shared your sources with colleagues in Activity 1. When you use these sources to find useful-looking material, apart from making sure that it is of good quality, you also need to take account of the conditions surrounding its use. Simply being on the web does not make something freely available to use in all circumstances. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), of which copyright is just one part (along with Patents, Designs and Trademarks) protect the creators of ideas. Materials that are in some way ‘fixed’ like text, music, pictures, sound recordings and web pages, are protected by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and may often have an accompanying symbol (©) and/or legal statement. | |||
In most circumstances, works protected by copyright can only be used – and ‘used’ can mean copied, scanned, distributed, stored, adapted, broadcasted or shown - in whole or in part with the permission of the owner. You are personally responsible if you use material without having the necessary permissions and could face prosecution and a hefty fine. You also have a moral duty to act as a good role model to the students in your care in order to help them recognise the importance of keeping legal. | |||
In some cases, obtaining this permission results in a fee being charged and obtaining permission can be time consuming. Our focus within this course is on identifying resources that you can use free of charge and don’t need to seek further permission to use. However, in order to be able to do that you need to know a little more about copyright.}} | |||
{{adaptedfrom|Copyright: Keep it legal/Resource|CopyrightPractical|Look at these examples of material, which are readily available on the web. For each item note down answers to the following question | |||
* What copyright information can you find out about it? | |||
* What can you ‘do’, legally, with this information, in terms of re-using it? | |||
# [http://www.teachers.tv/video/45811 A video about combustion. ][http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/Secondary-Science-Using-ICT-Investigating-Combustion-with-Year-7-Using-Gas-Sensors-6084454/ http://www.tes.co.uk/teaching-resource/Secondary-Science-Using-ICT-Investigating-Combustion-with-Year-7-Using-Gas-Sensors-6084454/][http://www.teachers.tv/video/45811 ] | |||
# [http://www.bloggersbase.com/travel/uluru-a-natural-icon/ An article about Uluru], including text and pictures. (use [http://nature.new7wonders.com/archives/wonder/uluru http://nature.new7wonders.com/archives/wonder/uluru] ) | |||
Like printed materials or works of art, everything published on the web is protected by copyright, even if it looks as if it is ‘free’ information. The rules on copyright, which are already complicated, become more complex in an online world, because it is so easy to copy and transfer electronic information to other people. | |||
The bottom line on copyright is that anything you find on the web, whether text, an image, video clip or piece of audio, ‘belongs’ to someone else, and you should check the copyright statement if there is one, to ascertain what you can legally do with the material. | |||
== Activity 3 Unpicking copyright == | |||
1 hour (online) during week two of the course | |||
The objective of this course activity is to explore some of the legal guidance around copyright, and the exceptions to copyright rules. | |||
There are exceptions to the copyright rules which allow you to do a little more with material you find within your teaching than in other contexts. | |||
Read Intellectual Property Office guidance on [http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-other/c-exception.htm permitted uses of copyrights works] and [http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-other/c-exception/c-exception-teaching.htm advice for educational establishments]. Note down any exceptions that might legally enable you to use material in your teaching without having to get permission first. | |||
Now imagine you want to use this image of [http://www.cybertraveltips.com/images/When-Was-The-Great-Wall-Of-China-Built.jpg The Great Wall of China] in your teaching. Drawing on your notes, come to an agreement in the course forum about the point at which using this material becomes illegal. Could you | |||
* Show it to your students using the classroom whiteboard? | |||
* Make paper copies of it and distribute it to pupils during a classroom exercise? | |||
* Crop it, so that it fits nicely into the school newsletter or website? | |||
'''Creative Commons''' | |||
Using material you find on the web has been made easier in recent years through Creative Commons, which provides a system of licensing to enable people to share and re-use information easily. | |||
== Activity 4 Introducing Creative Commons == | |||
1 hour (online) during week two of the course | |||
The objective of this course activity is to find out more about the Creative Commons movement. | |||
Play this video from Creative Commons for a brief introduction. | |||
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DKm96Ftfko A shared culture] | |||
Now look at the Creative Commons [http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses licenses]<nowiki>; note the increasing degrees of protection they offer for the creators of material, and also what constitutes ‘use’. Note down which of the licenses are the most useful, from your point of view. </nowiki> | |||
=== Discussion === | |||
Creative Commons extends and works alongside copyright to enable people to share their work. This works well for us as consumers of information because it expands the amount of information available for us to re-use. | |||
= Creative Commons (cont.) = | |||
== Activity 5 Creative Commons: using Flickr == | |||
30 minutes (online) during week three of the course | |||
The objective of this course activity is to demonstrate how the advanced search functionality within Flickr can help you to more easily identify images that you can re-use. | |||
Flickr is a site for sharing photographs. The advanced search options in Flickr enable you to search within Creative Commons licensed content. You can restrict your search according to what you ultimately want to do with what you find. For example, you can search just for images that you can edit. This is a quick and easy way to ensure that you find material quickly which suits your purpose. | |||
* Go to the [http://www.flickr.com/ Flickr website]. | |||
* Type ‘digital native’ in the search box. Note down the number of results you get. Click on some of the images, and look under ‘Additional information’ (on the right hand side of the screen to see the licence information, which details what you can legally ‘do’ with the material. | |||
* Now try an ‘Advanced Search’. If you are viewing an individual photograph, you can get to Advanced search by clicking on ‘Search’. | |||
If you are looking at the thumbnails of your search results, the Advanced Search option should be at the top of the screen. | |||
Scroll down the Advanced Search screen to find the Creative Commons options. Select the tick box called ‘Only search within Creative Commons licensed content’. | |||
* Do the same search on ‘digital native’. How many items did you find this time? What you can ‘do’ with this material? | |||
=== Discussion === | |||
When we did this search, there was a significant difference in the number of hits and what we were able to ‘do’ with the content we found. Restricting the search to only those items licensed under Creative Commons reduced the number of hits from 7000+ to around 1000, and what we could do with the material found was much less restrictive. However, you do need to be careful because of the different sort of Creative Commons licences, most of which do require that you give appropriate attribution for the images you use (e.g. if you are including an image in a presentation you may also have to include the url where you found the image). | |||
= Creative Commons (cont.) = | |||
==Activity 6 Creative Commons: using Google == | |||
30 minutes (online) during week three of the course | |||
The objective of this course activity is to demonstrate how the advanced search functionality within Google can help you to more easily identify material that can be re-used. | |||
Like Flickr, Google’s advanced search options enable you to filter your results according to what you ultimately want to do with what you find. | |||
* Go to the [http://images.google.co.uk/ Google Images] website. | |||
* Search for material on a topic of your choosing. Write down the search term that you are going to use. | |||
* Now select ‘Advanced search’. Under ‘Usage rights’, note the range of options in the drop-down menu for restricting your search. | |||
* Carry out the same search (using the same search term) but restricting it to items ‘labeled for reuse’.<br/> | |||
Click on a few of the items to look at what you can do with the material. | |||
=== Discussion === | |||
Searching in this way is a good idea in two respects – it reduces the number of items you have to deal with and ensures that you get material which you can reuse. For example, when we did this search, using the word ‘fish’, and restricting the results to those ‘labeled for reuse’, we were able to reduce the hits on Google images from over 104 million to a more much manageable 500. | |||
= Creative Commons (cont.) = | |||
== Activity 7 Reviewing your sources == | |||
30 minutes (online) during week three of the course | |||
When looking for material to use in the classroom, using ‘reliable, high quality’ sites to start with can take some of the guesswork out of finding resources that can be re-used legally. The objective of this course activity is to revisit the sites you normally use, and review them to see whether they are good sources of legal-to-use information. | |||
Go to the sites that you normally use as sources of material (or choose ones that other people shared in the forum during Activity 1). Note down any information about the copyright associated with those sites. To what extent can you legally use material from them? | |||
= Planning a search for material = | |||
Now that we’ve looked at ways of searching for material which can be legally re-used in the classroom, let’s bring it all together and plan a search on a topic. | |||
== Activity 8 Planning a search for material == | |||
30 minutes (online) during week three of the course | |||
The objective of this course activity is to plan a search for material you can legally use in the classroom. | |||
Jot down some brief responses to each of these questions | |||
# What format of material are you looking for (e.g. images, video, text)? | |||
# In the light of your answer to (1) where might be a good place to search (e.g. one of the known reliable sites that you agreed upon in Activity 7, or further afield on the broader web e.g. Google, Flickr)? | |||
# What do you want to do with the items you find, e.g. are you amending an item, displaying it, distributing it? | |||
# What will you need to look for when you have found material? e.g. Which Creative Commons Licence best fits your requirements from (2)? | |||
# How do your answers to (3) and (4) impact on the parameters to set for your search? | |||
= Finding material = | |||
Having planned a search for a topic, you now need to carry it out. | |||
== Activity 9 Finding material == | |||
1 hour (online) during week four of the course | |||
The objectives of this course activity are to | |||
* carry out a search for material that you intend to re-use in your teaching | |||
* consolidate learning by putting into practice the principles learned about finding digital resources you can re-use. | |||
Carry out your plan from Activity 8. Use this [[file:search record.doc |search record]] to keep track of the sources you use, and the material you find, and most importantly, any restrictions on its use. Note down any reflections on how you went about your search, in particular, any pitfalls or useful tips you discovered. | |||
= Reflection = | |||
Having planned and carried out your search, you will now think about what worked well, and what didn’t. | |||
== Activity 10 Reflect on your own learning== | |||
1 hour (online) during week four of the course | |||
The objectives of this course activity are to | |||
* identify what you have learned through the activities and discussion you have taken part in during this course | |||
* consider what changes to your practice you might make | |||
* identify what will be of use to you in your practice. | |||
Reflect on the process of finding information, both in the activity you have just done and throughout the course, and make some notes about each of the following | |||
* What worked, what didn’t? What would you do differently next time? | |||
* What have you used or will you use in your practice? | |||
* What do you still need to know?}} | |||
=Wikis= | =Wikis= | ||
==What is a Wiki== | |||
{{adaptedfrom|Sharing ideas: developing wikis (primary)/Resource|Whole|Learners often need space to share ideas and/or resources, or write together. This course looks at the use of a ‘wiki’ (a website which can be added to and edited by any number of people) for these purposes. | |||
So what is a wiki? A wiki is a website for sharing and developing ideas, materials, plans etc. Any page of the website can be changed by anyone (sometimes usernames and passwords are needed, sometimes edits can be anonymous). Only one person can edit any one page at one time but as soon as they have finished and saved, anyone else can then edit it. | |||
==Exploring Wikis== | |||
Wikis are gaining popularity with teachers who recognise its power as a creative and collaborative tool. Teachers are exploring ways of integrating them into their teaching and learning. Some are sharing examples of pupil work, others are encouraging pupils to contribute to a class wiki. | |||
Wikis are already being used extensively in education, though often for reading rather than writing. Wikipedia is often used as a source of information, for example, and has a specific [http://www.schools-wikipedia.org schools section] organised by the subjects of the National Curriculum. | |||
You might like to look at some existing wikis that are used for learning and teaching and share thoughts about how they are being used. | |||
{{:Sharing ideas: developing wikis (primary)/Resource/Table2}} | |||
==Wiki Structure== | |||
= Thinking about structure = | |||
Wikis, like any other website can have different structures to suit different contexts. These range from a single web page to a series of linked web pages both of which can be edited by individuals or groups of people. | |||
The structure of any wiki used in a learning context may well be derived from the way in which learning is structured in classrooms with groups and tasks represented by different wiki pages. On the other hand the use of a wiki allows for learning and sharing to go on over time, not constrained by ‘the lesson or session’, and to go on over space not constrained by the physical buildings. | |||
The structure of any wiki used in a learning context may well be derived from the way in which learning is structured in classrooms – using groups and tasks to be represented on pages for example. On the other hand the use of a wiki allows for learning and sharing to go on over time, not constrained by ‘the lesson or session’, and to go on over space not strained by the physical buildings. | |||
[[Image:VitalHierarchicalWiki.png]] | |||
Figure 1 Hierarchical, with a main menu page, all can edit any page. Pages maybe organised by activity, topic etc. | |||
[[Image:VitalMatrixWiki.png]] | |||
Figure 2 Matrix, all pages link to each other, anyone can edit all pages. Maybe one page per activity, topic etc. | |||
[[Image:VitalGroupsWiki.png]] | |||
Figure 3 Groups, with a menu page, only those in the group can edit the group’s pages | |||
[[Image:VitalGroupsPlusWiki.png]] | |||
Figure 4 Groups, with a menu page, only those in the group can edit the group’s pages. Individual pupils in their groups have their own pages, with perhaps some where only a single pupil can edit. | |||
By looking at other examples of wikis and seeing what other people are doing and thinking about how to use wikis, you will be able to generate ideas about how you might structure and use a wiki to suit your own context. | |||
==Further Reading== | |||
You might like to look at these further resources | |||
* ‘[http://www.vital.ac.uk/community/mod/resource/view.php?id=1205&direct=1 Collaborative learning the wiki way’] Engström and Jewett (2005) - available [[file:Collaborative learning the wiki way.pdf| here]] | |||
* [http://www.vital.ac.uk/community/mod/resource/view.php?id=1209&direct=1 ‘The potential of wikis in the classroom’] Fountain (2005) - available [[file:The potential of wikis in the classroom.doc| here]] | |||
* [http://www.vital.ac.uk/community/mod/resource/view.php?id=1206&direct=1 ‘The good, the bad and the wiki’] Wheeler, Yeomans and Wheeler (2008) - available [[file:The good, the bad and the wiki.doc| here]] | |||
* [http://www.vital.ac.uk/community/mod/resource/view.php?id=1207&direct=1 ‘A five stage model for the use of a wiki’] Wheeler (2008) - available [[file:A five stage model for the use of a wiki.doc| here]]}} |
Revision as of 14:25, 30 August 2012
Introduction to OER, Creative Commons, and Open Government Licence
See also, our links page
Adapting and Sharing our Resources
8 How can you deepen your engagement with the ORBIT community and others involved in working with teachers in an open educational resource (OER) environment? [Community of practice]
The ORBIT materials are OERs. This means that they can be freely shared, adapted and used by anyone.
You might start with the community closest to you – in your own context. If you are a teacher educator working in a college or university, these questions might help:
- To what extent do teacher educators at my institution work together?
- How could I benefit from increasing this collaboration?
- Am I personally prepared to put the effort into working together?
- How can I start a conversation about how to do this?
Teacher development may start in an institution, but schools and communities are involved as well.
- How can you share your ORBIT experiences with others who work with teachers in schools and in your local community?
You could use the following steps for selecting and preparing to use ORBIT activities in the curriculum:
- Select an appropriate theme or teaching approach that you’ve identified as needing attention, or which is on your curriculum/scheme of work for the next few weeks – this might be one which you find particularly challenging to teach, one which your learners have struggled with or a new way of teaching that you want to try out.
- Locate and review relevant ORBIT materials to identify suitable sections which match your chosen theme, topic or skill.
- Ask yourself what you as a teacher have planned to achieve through teaching your theme and topic.
- Read the ORBIT activities and related case studies and resources.
- Select the relevant ORBIT activities or case studies that match what you planned to achieve. Find the resources you need.
- Adapt the ORBIT activities to suit your pupils and your surroundings
You should consider the prior knowledge and experiences either of the teachers, or the pupils they’re working with. (Adapted from TESSA Working With Teachers, section SharingPractice).
Copyright
How to Stay Within the Law
Everyone has favourite websites they use to find information. You may have found some new ones that looked very useful when you shared your sources with colleagues in Activity 1. When you use these sources to find useful-looking material, apart from making sure that it is of good quality, you also need to take account of the conditions surrounding its use. Simply being on the web does not make something freely available to use in all circumstances. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), of which copyright is just one part (along with Patents, Designs and Trademarks) protect the creators of ideas. Materials that are in some way ‘fixed’ like text, music, pictures, sound recordings and web pages, are protected by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 and may often have an accompanying symbol (©) and/or legal statement.
In most circumstances, works protected by copyright can only be used – and ‘used’ can mean copied, scanned, distributed, stored, adapted, broadcasted or shown - in whole or in part with the permission of the owner. You are personally responsible if you use material without having the necessary permissions and could face prosecution and a hefty fine. You also have a moral duty to act as a good role model to the students in your care in order to help them recognise the importance of keeping legal.
In some cases, obtaining this permission results in a fee being charged and obtaining permission can be time consuming. Our focus within this course is on identifying resources that you can use free of charge and don’t need to seek further permission to use. However, in order to be able to do that you need to know a little more about copyright. (Adapted from Copyright: Keep it legal/Resource, section CopyrightWithinTheLaw).
{{{3}}} (Adapted from Copyright: Keep it legal/Resource, section CopyrightPractical).
Wikis
What is a Wiki
{{{3}}} (Adapted from Sharing ideas: developing wikis (primary)/Resource, section Whole).