Session 3.1 - Group work Same task and different tasks group work
The OER4Schools Professional Learning Resource
Learning intentions and objectives.
In this session you will learn about:
- Understanding what genuine groupwork is (not just sitting in a group formation!)
- Learning about the rationale for doing group work - learners share responsibility for learning, research shows benefits for individuals of collaborative learning
- Same-task and different-task group work
- Becoming familiar with different types of talk in groups, including exploratory talk
- Practising questions for group work that involves same-task and different-tasks
- You will start to learn about group composition, and in particular learn about creating groups by numbering and numbering group members for the purpose of randomising who reports back
Success criteria.
To meet the learning intentions you will:
ICT components.
The ICT components you will focus on are
You will plan a lesson for classroom use of
- Geogebra,
- Slideshows,
- (optional) concept mapping software.
Classroom based activities (with your students, after this session):
- You will do a lesson with your students that involves Geogebra,slideshows, or (optionally) concept mapping software.
Resources needed.
Presentation files, projector, paper.
Review of follow-up activities from last session
If you are running a professional learning programme which follows these sessions in sequence, then you should do the review of follow-up activities relating to the previous session (More on questioning). The 'review of follow-up activities' for that session is available here, and also shown below in the session text. However, if you are following selected sessions in a different order, then you should use the reflection appropriate to the previous session you did.
The review of the follow-up activities for this session (to be done at the start of the next session) is available here.
Review (10 min) of the planned activity, other strategies, and peer observation.
- Did you observe a buddy practising questioning in their classroom? Did your observation help your buddy? If yes, elaborate with specific examples about the changes in your buddy’s questioning after the activity. (You might want to continue the observation activity for a few more weeks)
- What did you learn by observing your buddy? Were there any questioning and handling responses strategies that you learned from your buddy?
- Did you notice any changes in pupils’ participation due to your new questioning and handling responses strategies? Share one strategy that you found most effective in your classroom. Explain reasons for why you think that the strategy was effective.
- Did you try any strategies for improving the quality of pupils’ responses? Which strategy or strategies led to chains of thinking about the content that you were teaching?
Review (10 min) of netbook based activities in the classroom.
- ICT activity – did you use the netbooks during the last week for the geogebra activity?
- Did you try anything else?
- How familiar are your students with using the netbooks?
- How familiar are you with using the netbooks?
Presentation
For this activity, you will need:
- the OpenOffice Impress or Power Point presentation
- the projector linked to your computer,
- a flip chart or blackboard with the heading ‘A significant aspect about group work that I have just learned is...’
When most participants have read one slide press any key to move to the next slide. You can read the slides aloud if you think it will benefit the participants.
Observing, thinking, reflecting (10 min): Watching a presentation. Watch the power point presentation about group work. Write one significant aspect about group work that you have learned from this power point on a piece of paper. Stick them up on a board/wall with sticky tape or lay them out on a table for everyone to see.
Participants need not write their names on the sheets.Allow participants to read other people’s contributions. Read out a few notes that you think are important to be highlighted for the whole group.
Same-task group work and different-tasks group work
OER4Schools/activities/same-task and different-tasks group work
Brief reflection on modelling
Same-task group work (5 min): Looking through the programme. You may havealready noticed that some activities in our programme were labeled "same-task group work", and other activities were labeled as "different-task group work". Can you recall what they were? Check through your workshop handouts and see what they were.
Observing, thinking, reflecting (5 min): Facilitator talk on modelling. You see that we are using very similar approaches in this workshop (such as same-task and different-task group work) as we would use in the classroom. We call this "modelling of classroom practice during professional learning activities".
Forming random groups by numbering
Prepare labels (G1, G2 and G3) for group work in advance and place them on tables before this activity.
Group formation (5 min) by assigning numbers, and numbering group members. All participants get up and stand in a queue. Each person says a number from ‘1’ to ‘3’ at their turn. So, the first person says ‘1’, second says ‘2’ and third says ‘3’. then fourth says ‘1’, fifth says ‘2’ and sixth says ‘3’ and so on. Everybody who said ‘1’ should form group one (G1). Similarly, everybody who said ‘2’ and ‘3’ should form group two (G2) and group three (G3) respectively. Sit on the tables marked with your group number. In the classroom this is an effective way of randomly allocating pupils to groups and it avoids friendship or ability groupings.
Once you have formed groups, you allocated a number (1, 2, 3, and so forth up to the number of members) for each group member. Keep it a secret from your facilitator i.e. do not tell who has which number to your facilitator. All group members should know thisinformation. (If you did this in class, with young children, assign them a number so they don’t waste time deciding which number to be.)
Allow 15-20 minutes for group activity. Indicate the time left 5 minutes before the allotted time.
Forming questions for group work
Same-task group work (10 min): Formulate open-ended questions. Formulate open-ended questions that can be assigned to groups during a forthcoming group work activity in your classroom. Each group (G1, G2 and G3) should formulate at least one same-task group work question and one different-tasks group work question. You can devise more questions if there is time.
Visit each group at least once during the activity. Remind group members to:
- Encourage participation/suggestions from all members.
- Accept suggestions only if they agree, otherwise ask questions.
- Negotiate the topic, scope and language of the questions that they are forming.
- Keep an eye on the time.
Same-task group work (10 min): Reporting back from group. After the activity, the facilitator calls out a number (1 to number of members). For example, if maximum number of group members is 4; facilitator can say any number from 1 to 4. The group member with this number will present the questions on behalf of the group. Similar procedure is followed for groups G2 and G3.
This procedure means no-one knows in advance who will have to present, so everyone gets involved in case it is them!
Discuss:
- How well did your group work together? Did everyone participate equally? How would you rate your group work on a scale of 1 to 5 (5 is most effective)? Why? Use the ideas in the Powerpoint presentation as criteria for judging effectiveness (see Unit 3.1 Group Work for Interactive Teaching.ppt (info)).
- Choose one or more questions that you could use in your class this week
- Are there any aspects of group work that you foresee as potential problems? How will you solve them?
Video: Group discussion on vertebrates and rectangles
We now watch three videos: First a pair of clips on group discussion about the classification of vertebrates, then one video on rectangles.
Observing, thinking, reflecting (10 min): Video on group discussion. These two video clips show Eness, a teacher in a community school near Lusaka,interacting with a Grade 3 class. The children are devising their ownclassifications of animals depicted in photographs on tabletcomputers, and recording their ideas on mini-blackboards. There is oneclip of pupils working alone, then one with the teacher present. Watch the following two videos. As you want the videos, reflect on these questions:
- What was the teacher able to achieve in this small group work thatwould be difficult in the whole class?
- What is the role of the teacher during group work in these clips?
- How did the teacher involve all pupils in the discussion?
Questions for reflection on these two as well as the next video:
- What would you do in your classroom while your pupils are engaged ingroup work?
- How would you encourage all pupils to be involved in the group work?
- How would you ensure that all pupils have contributed to the finaloutput of group work?
VIDEO
Mini-blackboards group work
Groupwork using mini-blackboards: group of 5 recording under their own category of ‘animals with no legs’ and interacting as a group
Video/Eness vertebrates 6.mp4, https://oer.opendeved.net/wiki/Video/Eness_vertebrates_6.mp4,This video is available on your memory stick in the video/Eness Vertebrates folder. Duration: 3:43 watch on YouTube, local play / download options / download from dropbox)(Series: Eness Vertebrates, episode 06)(Transcript available here or via YouTube captions.)
VIDEO
Teacher interaction
Teacher interacts with group
Video/Eness vertebrates 7.mp4, https://oer.opendeved.net/wiki/Video/Eness_vertebrates_7.mp4,This video is available on your memory stick in the video/Eness Vertebrates folder. Duration: 3:46 watch on YouTube, local play / download options / download from dropbox)(Series: Eness Vertebrates, episode 07)
Observing, thinking, reflecting (10 min): Video on group discussion.
In this lesson Grade 7 pupils in a semi-rural government school near Chongwe were exploring the relationship between area and perimeter. They worked in groups, using Geogebra software on netbook computers.
Suggested questions for reflection are:
- What is the role of the teacher during group work in this clip?
- How does a teacher know when to intervene?
- How can a teacher encourage peer support during group work? Would Abel’s technique of bringing in older pupils or faster learners to help their peers aid a teacher with a large class?
- How did the use of ICT help the learners’ enquiry?
Suggested questions for reflections for this and the previous video:
- What would you do in your classroom while your pupils are engaged ingroup work?
- How would you encourage all pupils to be involved in the group work?
- How would you ensure that all pupils have contributed to the finaloutput of group work?
VIDEO
Students collaborate on GeoGebra investigation on area and perimeter
Introduction to group work, then students doing group work. The teacher supports students in group work, but the students find it difficult to follow the teacher's explanations. Towards the end of the clip, the teacher then asks some students to come over, to explain the issue to the group in their own words.
Video/New Abel clip 4.m4v, https://oer.opendeved.net/wiki/Video/New_Abel_clip_4.m4v,This video is available on your memory stick in the video/Abel rectangles folder. Duration: 6:56 watch on YouTube, local play / download options / download from dropbox)(Series: Abel rectangles, episode 05)
Whole group discussion on the role of the teacher
Whole class dialogue (10 min) on teacher participation in group work. Now discuss the questions for reflection that went with the previous two videos.
Research shows that teachers intervene in groupwork too much / too soon, however the Abel clip shows the importance of picking up on misunderstandings before they completely obstruct progress. It’s also important to know when groups are finished and need another challenge.
It’s not easy to make a decision about when to intervene – it’s a fine balance. Try to circulate and eavesdrop on groups before deciding where to intervene.
Groupwork with computers: Seating arrangements
By this stage the participants have trialled and reflected on a number of activities, with and without ICT. We now think more about the practicalities of doing ICT activities and come up with some strategies for their effective use.
After participants have read the background text and looked at the photos, discuss some of the following statements and questions:
- How would you interact with learners in these various setups? For instance, if computers are arranged in rows, what would the interaction be like? If they were sitting in groups, what would the interaction be like? What is the interaction like in the picture that shows the booths in the comptuter room?
- With mobile technologies, what are good ways to configure group seating? Refer to the picture of our lab!
Whole class dialogue (10 min) on computer lab layout. Read the following background text, look at the photos and discuss any issues that arise.
Mobile computing technologies (such as netbooks or tablets) are very versatile and can be used as and when needed. By contrast, computer labs are now becoming outdated in schools as they remove technology from subject teaching and learning and from the normal classroom environment and teaching aids. Many do not even have a blackboard. Some of the issues are:
- Moving a class into the computer room is disruptive to teaching (especially in primary)
- Computer labs can enforce a rigid seating pattern if benches are fixed.
- If you have a computer lab with desktop machines, can it be re-arranged to support groupwork?
- If machines are located around the perimeter (learners have backs to each other and teacher), or in rows, this is not conducive to collaborative learning.
- Some computer rooms even partition off machines so learners cannot interact
The seating arrangement. Sometimes labs are arranged in a certain way, because of certain concerns. For instance, if the school administration is worried about off-task behaviour, computers are arranged in rows. However, this isn’t a good solution, as it interferes with groupwork. Instead, if a teacher is worried about off-task behaviour, they can cruise around the room!
Experience shows that an island arrangement works best, ideally large hexagonal tables, but large round or square tables are fine too.
Individual activity (5 min): Drawing a computer lab. Draw a sketch to show how you would arrange computers among groups.
ICT practice: Different-task group work with ICT and activity planning
Different-tasks group work (20 min) with ICT on various topics.
Continue exploring the various applications that you have learned about, and plan for classroom use of
- Geogebra,
- Slideshows (with OpenOffice Impress), and
- (optionally) concept mapping software.
Many of these applications lend themselves to group work.
Connecting with overarching goals of the programme
Open space (10 min). It's now time for the "open space", that gives you an opportunity to discuss issues that have arisen, and to relate those to the broader context of the programme. Do not just gloss over this section, but make time to raise issues, and probe the progress that you are making. You could use this space to:
- Remind yourselves of the of the Most Significant Change Technique, and e.g. collect more of your stories.
- Discuss your assessment portfolios: Is there anything that you are unsure about? Is it going well? What could be done better?
- Check on the work with the classroom assistants: Is this going well? Are there any tensions? Any observations or tips you can share?
- Reviewing individual ICT practise (such as typing practise).
- If you are preparing a presentation for other teachers, you could work on the presentation (about what you have been learning, stories emerging from MSC).
- Remind those who are doing audio diaries, to upload them.
- You could discuss any other issues that have arisen.
You will find notes and summaries of various techniques and concepts on our reference page, and you might want to refer to those for clarification during this activity if needed.
Follow-up activities
Agreeing follow-up activities (5 min).
Template:Fua Carry out one same-task group work and one different-tasks group work in your classroom. You could use the questions that were formed during the above activity. Plan in advance:
- (a) how will you form the groups,
- (b) what will you do while pupils are engaged,
- (c) how will you ensure that all pupils are participating and
- (d) how will you encourage agreement, disagreement and negotiation?
Try out the numbering strategy for randomly selecting the presenter.
Template:Fua Can you suggest at least 3 other ways in which you might select group members at random for giving a presentation? (if uncertain, refer back to the document “Increasing participation in answering questions”: Unit 2, session 3, activity 2).
Template:Fua (optional) One volunteer from each group G1, G2 and G3 (formed duringActivity 2.3) should post their questions on the googlegroups for allparticipants. Other participants should reply with a comment when theyhave seen the questions.
In the next session, these follow-up activities will be reviewed. If you are using this session on its own, you can have a look at the review of follow-up activities here.
At the end of each session, we provide an overview of the activities in this session, together with their suggested timings. Although this appears at the end of the session (for technical reasons), you should keep an eye on this throughout the session, to make sure that you are pacing the workshop session appropriately!
Total time: 145 (min)
Activities in this session:
- Review (10 min) of the planned activity, other strategies, and peer observation.
- Review (10 min) of netbook based activities in the classroom.
- Observing, thinking, reflecting (10 min): Watching a presentation.
- Same-task group work (5 min): Looking through the programme.
- Observing, thinking, reflecting (5 min): Facilitator talk on modelling.
- Group formation (5 min) by assigning numbers, and numbering group members.
- Same-task group work (10 min): Formulate open-ended questions.
- Same-task group work (10 min): Reporting back from group.
- Observing, thinking, reflecting (10 min): Video on group discussion.
- Observing, thinking, reflecting (10 min): Video on group discussion.
- Whole class dialogue (10 min) on teacher participation in group work.
- Whole class dialogue (10 min) on computer lab layout.
- Individual activity (5 min): Drawing a computer lab.
- Different-tasks group work (20 min) with ICT on various topics.
- Open space(10 min).
- Agreeing follow-up activities(5 min).
If you have printed this session for offline use, you may also need to download the following assets:
- Unit 3.1 Group Work for Interactive Teaching.ppt
- Unit 3.1 Group Work for Interactive Teaching.odp
- Unit 3.1 Group Work for Interactive Teaching.ppt
- Video/Eness vertebrates 6.mp4 (local play / download options / download from dropbox)
- Video/Eness vertebrates 7.mp4 (local play / download options / download from dropbox)
- Video/New Abel clip 4.m4v (local play / download options / download from dropbox)
