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At KS1 pupils needs to be able to:
At KS1 pupils needs to be able to:
• describe the movement of familiar things,<br />• know that pushes and pulls are examples of forces,<br />• know that forces can make things speed up, slow down or change direction and can change the shape of objects.
 
* describe the movement of familiar things,
* know that pushes and pulls are examples of forces,
* know that forces can make things speed up, slow down or change direction and can change the shape of objects.


At KS1 we’re building up the language of forces (push and pull) and introducing what forces can do. This can be one of the most creative and enjoyable areas of early years science, although it is one of the ones which people find the most daunting.
At KS1 we’re building up the language of forces (push and pull) and introducing what forces can do. This can be one of the most creative and enjoyable areas of early years science, although it is one of the ones which people find the most daunting.
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Here are some more examples:
Here are some more examples:


• Car mat activity: describing the movement of toy cars as they are played with watching traffic – links to road safety.<br />• Moving things in the classroom: twirlers, mobiles.<br />• Using musical instruments to describe movement, e.g. swanee whistle, also describing pushes and pulls.
* Car mat activity: describing the movement of toy cars as they are played with watching traffic – links to road safety.
* Moving things in the classroom: twirlers, mobiles.
* Using musical instruments to describe movement, e.g. swanee whistle, also describing pushes and pulls.


'''Know that pushes and pulls are examples of forces'''
'''Know that pushes and pulls are examples of forces'''
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Again, compare the effects of ‘big’ and ‘small’ forces.
Again, compare the effects of ‘big’ and ‘small’ forces.
*
* Moving air: windmills/ribbons/kites/racing wind wheels/bubbles/wind chimes/wind measurers (different materials on washing lines)/wind sock/spiral twirlers/flapping fish race/sails on modern ships/squirting bottles/battery fans/pneumatics (demonstrate a simple syringe effect)/balloon on string/car (demonstrate)/blow paint.
* Moving water: water wheels/car or boat water toys.
* Screwball scramble/marble in paint/ramps/marble run.


• Moving air: windmills/ribbons/kites/racing wind wheels/bubbles/wind chimes/wind measurers (different materials on washing lines)/wind sock/spiral twirlers/flapping fish race/sails on modern ships/squirting bottles/battery fans/pneumatics (demonstrate a simple syringe effect)/balloon on string/car (demonstrate)/blow paint.
'''Know that forces can change the shape of objects.'''
• Moving water: water wheels/car or boat water toys.
• Screwball scramble/marble in paint/ramps/marble run.


Know that forces can change the shape of objects.
Dough/salt dough/clay/making biscuits/bendy toys/elastic things /stretchy things/springy things – bouncy balls/paper springs.
Dough/salt dough/clay/making biscuits/bendy toys/elastic things /stretchy things/springy things – bouncy balls/paper springs.
Any work on forces must take into account the children’s prior knowledge of forces. It is important to realise that the way in which the word ‘force’ is used in everyday life can cause problems for children when considering forces in a scientific context.
Any work on forces must take into account the children’s prior knowledge of forces. It is important to realise that the way in which the word ‘force’ is used in everyday life can cause problems for children when considering forces in a scientific context.
Point out misconceptions: force is not ‘energy’, it does not have to be ‘big and strong’.  
Point out misconceptions: force is not ‘energy’, it does not have to be ‘big and strong’.  
At KS2 the NC is broken down into:
At KS2 the NC is broken down into:
• types of forces and their effects: magnetic, gravitational, friction including air resistance, forces in springs and elastic bands.
 
• balanced and unbalanced forces: forces act in a particular direction, can be balanced e.g. tug-of-war, unbalanced forces can make things speed up, slow down or change direction.
* types of forces and their effects: magnetic, gravitational, friction including air resistance, forces in springs and elastic bands.
* balanced and unbalanced forces: forces act in a particular direction, can be balanced e.g. tug-of-war, unbalanced forces can make things speed up, slow down or change direction.
 
Thus at KS2 we are concerned with the effects of specific types of forces and the direction in which forces act.
Thus at KS2 we are concerned with the effects of specific types of forces and the direction in which forces act.
Points to follow up
 
'''Points to follow up'''
 
Pressure= force ÷ area
Pressure= force ÷ area
If someone stands on your toes wearing stiletto heels, it is more painful than if they do so wearing wellies. The same force is applied over a smaller area. This also explains why it is important to lie on a ladder if you are rescuing someone trapped in a frozen pond. Your pressure on the ice will be less because your weight (force) will be spread over a larger area.
If someone stands on your toes wearing stiletto heels, it is more painful than if they do so wearing wellies. The same force is applied over a smaller area. This also explains why it is important to lie on a ladder if you are rescuing someone trapped in a frozen pond. Your pressure on the ice will be less because your weight (force) will be spread over a larger area.
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