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OER4Schools/Review of AfL and lesson pacing: Difference between revisions

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= Review of homework =
= Review of homework =
{{activity| Whole Group Discussion}}
{{activity| Whole Group Discussion}}
* What peer- or self-assessment strategy did you try out this week and what topic was it on? Do you think that peer and self-assessment may only work for teaching certain topics? Why?
* What peer- or self-assessment strategy did you try out this week and what topic was it on?  
* Do you think that peer and self-assessment may only work for teaching certain topics? Why?
* Did you find that it has worked well for you and for your students? Did some students respond better to peer or self-assessment than others? Why?
* Did you find that it has worked well for you and for your students? Did some students respond better to peer or self-assessment than others? Why?
* How will you make prepare yourself further to introduce peer and self-assessment in future lessons?
* How will you prepare yourself further to introduce peer and self-assessment in future lessons?




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You should have been updating your assessment inventory regularly, and you should have at least five rows of entries in your inventory by now, to remind yourself of what you have understood of an aspect of AfL each week and how you have tried to carry out AfL measures in your lessons.  
You should have been updating your assessment inventory regularly, and you should have at least five rows of entries in your inventory by now, to remind yourself of what you have understood of an aspect of AfL each week and how you have tried to carry out AfL measures in your lessons.  


Referring to your inventory, complete the following questionnaire to review of how much you have learnt and tried to practise AfL in your classrooms. Circle the choice that best represents how you feel about each topic in this unit. There are no right or wrong answers!
Referring to your inventory, complete the following questionnaire to review how much you have learnt and tried to practise AfL in your classrooms. Circle the choice that best represents how you feel about each topic in this unit. There are no right or wrong answers!


{{oinc| OER4Schools/4.5_Review_of_AfL_and_lesson_pacing/questionnaire }}  
{{oinc| OER4Schools/4.5_Review_of_AfL_and_lesson_pacing/questionnaire }}  
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{{activity| Pair work}} Share your responses with another partner teacher and reflect on whether there are any similarities or differences in the entries. Each pair of teachers will report to the whole group on the similarities and differences of your responses. Try to explain to the whole group why there could be these similarities or differences.  
{{activity| Pair work}} Share your responses with another partner teacher and reflect on whether there are any similarities or differences in the entries. Each pair of teachers will report to the whole group on the similarities and differences of your responses. Try to explain to the whole group why there could be these similarities or differences.  


{{activity|Whole Group Discussion}} As a group, review the responses of each pair of teachers and identify if there are any conclusions that are common to the other pairs of teachers. Identify in particular are there any particular topic of assessment that will require more follow-up.  What are some specific ways that you may require more support and assistance? Can your peers help you?
{{activity|Whole Group Discussion}} As a group, review the responses of each pair of teachers and identify if there are any conclusions that are common to the other pairs of teachers. Identify in particular if there are any particular topics of assessment that will require more follow-up.  What are some specific ways that you may require more support and assistance? Can your peers help you?


{{ednote|text=
{{ednote|text=
The facilitator may like to record what each pairs of teachers have mentioned in the blackboard to remind the group what has been said.  
The facilitator may like to record on the blackboard or a large sheet of paper what each pair of teachers have mentioned to remind the group what has been said.  


If you are participating in our [[OER4Schools/facilitators programme|facilitators programme]], please collect the data, and submit it for review.
If you are participating in our [[OER4Schools/facilitators programme|facilitators programme]], please collect the data, and submit it for review.
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# Also consider what are some ways to ensure that you can pace lessons effectively such that you have sufficient time and learner engagement is maintained – for example, students get bored if they are not gainfully occupied and have to wait a long time for assistance or for peers to complete a task. Have you ever noticed this happening?
# Also consider what are some ways to ensure that you can pace lessons effectively such that you have sufficient time and learner engagement is maintained – for example, students get bored if they are not gainfully occupied and have to wait a long time for assistance or for peers to complete a task. Have you ever noticed this happening?


{{activity|Pair work and whole group work}} Compare your responses with another partner teacher and report to the group on your responses. Write down three strategies that you would like to try in your classroom and keep this safely in your folder. Choose one or two of these to commit to trying out this week to maintain the pace of your lesson and ensure that all students are actively engaged throughout.
{{activity|Pair work and whole group work}} Compare your responses with another partner teacher and report to the group on your responses. Write down three strategies that you would like to try in your classroom and keep this safely in your ring binder. Choose one or two of these to commit to trying out this week to maintain the pace of your lesson and ensure that all students are actively engaged throughout.


{{ednote|text=
{{ednote|text=
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= South African videos on lesson pacing =
= South African videos on lesson pacing =


In this session we are video that was produced in a school near Cape Town in South Africa. The school is located in a township, and the class is a grade 7 class, with about 40 students. The teacher (Noxolo) planned a mathematics activity day on making three-dimensional shapes out of paper, so that the learners could get hands-on experience of building and understanding those shapes. We will return to this lesson in the unit on enquiry and project-based learning.
In this session we are watching video that was produced in a school near Cape Town in South Africa. The school is located in a township, and the class is a Grade 7 class, with about 40 students. The teacher (Noxolo) planned a mathematics activity day on making three-dimensional shapes out of paper, so that the learners could get hands-on experience of building and understanding those shapes. We will return to this lesson in the unit on enquiry and project-based learning.


{{activity|Video watching}} Watch the two clips below, showing  
{{activity|Video watching}} Watch the two clips below, showing  
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* Why do you think Noxolo has made the effort to ask so many questions to the whole class and individual students?
* Why do you think Noxolo has made the effort to ask so many questions to the whole class and individual students?
* Do you think the majority of the students know what is a polygon and naming of the polyhedron?  
* Do you think the majority of the students know what is a polygon and naming of the polyhedron?  
* Imagine if Noxolo had directly told the class at the beginning of the lesson the definition of a polygon and naming of the polyhedron, how different would the learning for the student be? Would she know whether her students are learning?
* Imagine if Noxolo had directly told the class at the beginning of the lesson the definition of a polygon and naming of the polyhedron, how different would the learning for the students be? Would she know whether her students are learning?
* Do you think that Noxolo has paced her lesson effectively? (Was she in a hurry to teach the topic or did she take too much time to repeat certain ideas?)
* Do you think that Noxolo has paced her lesson effectively? (Was she in a hurry to teach the topic or did she take too much time to repeat certain ideas?)
* Do you think that an effective pacing of lesson will always result in avoiding over-running or under-running of lesson? Why do you think so?
* Do you think that an effective pacing of lesson will always result in avoiding over-running or under-running of lesson? Why?
 
Bear these questions in mind as you watch the video:
Bear these questions in mind as you watch the video:
{{video|name=Noxolo_3Dshapes_1.1_AfL1_prior_knowledge.m4v|src=49L8id4OnGk}}
{{video|name=Noxolo_3Dshapes_1.1_AfL1_prior_knowledge.m4v|src=49L8id4OnGk}


{{video|name=Noxolo_3D_shapes_1.3_AfL4_acting_on_obs.m4v|src=RZPlK1l_2hQ}}
{{video|name=Noxolo_3D_shapes_1.3_AfL4_acting_on_obs.m4v|src=RZPlK1l_2hQ}}
After watching the videos, share some of your responses as a group.


{{ednote|text=
{{ednote|text=
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}}
}}
= Reflection on lesson pacing and making connections =


= Reflection on lesson pacing and making connections =
{{activity|Whole group discussion}}


You have learnt about what good pacing is about, which is to help as many of  your students as possible to understand and keep up with your teaching in the classroom. No matter how good your initial lesson plan is, it is highly likely you will have to adjust your pacing or even totally change your teaching strategy, especially if you have been checking what students have learnt. For example, if Noxolo knows that most students know what is a polygon and naming of the polyhedron, she will have to teach her lesson in a different way. There could be different ways to know whether to adjust the pacing of a lesson while you are in the classroom.


{{activity|Whole group discussion}} Having watched the videos, share some of your responses as a group. You have learnt about what good pacing is about, which is to help as many of  your students to understand and keep up with your teaching in the classroom. Now discuss these two questions below on making connections between what you have learnt about differentiation through group work and AfL, and lesson pacing:
Now discuss these two questions below on making connections between what you have learnt about differentiation through group work and AfL, and lesson pacing:


'''Question 1: What did you learn about differentiation in the group work unit that might help with lesson pacing?'''
'''Question 1: What did you learn about differentiation in the group work unit that might help with lesson pacing?'''
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{{ednote|text= One thing relevant here is: assess what children know at the beginning, assess whether they’ve understood after an activity or task before deciding to explore the topic in more depth or not – and again, '''re-adjust the lesson according to what students know'''. It is not a good idea to rigidly “stick to the script”.  
{{ednote|text= One thing relevant here is: assess what children know at the beginning, assess whether they’ve understood after an activity or task before deciding to explore the topic in more depth or not – and again, '''re-adjust the lesson according to what students know'''. It is not a good idea to rigidly “stick to the script”.  


No matter how good your initial lesson plan is, it is highly likely you will have to adjust it if you are constantly checking what students have learnt. For example, if most students know what is a polygon and naming of the polyhedron, how can you avoid repeating the activity for everyone whilst still ensuring that the few who do not know can learn?
Allow time for participants to raise other points too.}}
 
Write down your main take-aways about lesson pacing, group work and AfL in your assessment inventory.


Allow time for participants to raise other points too.}}
= An ICT activity =


= Two ICT activities =


The purpose of this activity is twofold:
# First, for you to learn more about an application, with a view to using it in class.
# Second, to try out AfL during an ICT-supported activity.


In the next two sections, we are going to do some ICT activities. The purpose of this is twofold:
So while you do the activity, imagine that you want to introduce it in the class. Think about the following:
# First, for you to learn more about two applications, with a view to using these in class.
# Second, to try out AfL during an ICT-supported activity. So while you do the activity, imagine that you want to introduce it in the class. Think about the following:
#* Identify what are the possible lesson objectives and success criteria?
#* Identify what are the possible lesson objectives and success criteria?
#* What kind of formative feedback would you likely be giving your students during the class?
#* What kind of formative feedback would you likely be giving your students during the class?
#* Do you think the issues typically arising with lesson pacing will be the same or different in a lesson using ICT? Why?
#* Do you think the issues typically arising with lesson pacing will be the same or different in a lesson using ICT? Why?
Bear these questions in mind, as you do the following two activities!
Bear these questions in mind, as you do the following activity!


{{ednote|text=
{{ednote|text=
During this and the next activity, ask participants to use traffic lights to indicate their progress  of completion of the activities. The traffic light cards can just be placed in front of each participant, with the relevant color visible on top. Explain to the participants that the red light should be shown if they need immediate and urgent help from the facilitator. Use the orange light if they are unsure about some issues with the activities which they can consult their partner teachers currently. Use the green light to indicate that all are smooth-going for them so far. They are encouraged to use the traffic lights at all times while they are engaging with the activities while you go around assisting them.  There is no need for the participants to “vote” at specific times.
During this activity, ask participants to use traffic lights to indicate their progress  of completion of the activities. The traffic light cards can just be placed in front of each participant, with the relevant color visible on top. Explain to the participants that the red light should be shown if they need immediate and urgent help from the facilitator. Use the orange light if they are unsure about some issues with the activities which they can consult their partner teachers about. Use the green light to indicate that everything is going smoothly for them so far. They are encouraged to use the traffic lights at all times while they are engaging with the activities while you go around assisting them.  There is no need for the participants to “vote” by all using the traffic lights simultaneously at specific times.
}}
}}
= ICT activity: Picture sequencing =
= ICT activity: Picture sequencing =
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{{activity|Discuss in your pair.}} How did you find the ICT activity on using slides to show the life cycle of a butterfly? What are the advantages and disadvantages of making use of ICT for such an activity? Can this activity be completed without using ICT?
{{activity|Discuss in your pair.}} How did you find the ICT activity on using slides to show the life cycle of a butterfly? What are the advantages and disadvantages of making use of ICT for such an activity? Can this activity be completed without using ICT?


 
= Discussion of ICT activity =  
= ICT activity exploring polygons with Geogebra =
 
 
As we mentioned above, the upcoming unit is on enquiry-based learning, and will feature a number of ideas for extended project work. In this section, we are looking at Geogebra, an application that is well suited to support interactive mathematics applications. We first explore the use of Geogebra to draw polygons.
 
{{activity|Working in pairs with a laptop}} Start up a laptop and log in. Locate and start the Geogebra application. Draw some polygons. If you need help, watch the following video:
 
{{video|src=tyFsAykHkTU|title=Simple Polygons in GeoGebra|name=Simple_Polygons_in_GeoGebra.mp4}}
 
When you have drawn some polygons, see how you can move vertices (the points where sides meet), to make other polygones, including
* polygons where some of the sides cross (“self-intersecting” or “complex” polygons)
* polygons where the sides do not cross (“simple” polygons)
* polygons where some angles or sides are the same
 
{{ednote|text=
You need to be watching the time, as this activity is very extensible. For further ideas, you could have a look at the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon Wikipedia article on polygons]. You could also have a look at the
[http://www.nationalstemcentre.org.uk/elibrary/resource/3305/shape-and-space Shape and Space collection at the UK National STEM centre]. In particular at these two documents
* http://www.nationalstemcentre.org.uk/elibrary/file/9892/mm_shape_space_06.pdf
* http://www.nationalstemcentre.org.uk/elibrary/file/9898/mm_shape_space_12.pdf
have got some interesting questions in them, which you could use, including questions for developing your mathematical vocabulary (such as: “This shape has a right
angle.”, “This shape has four vertices.”) as well as some talking points, such as
* If you cut a rectangle in half, the  perimeter will be half its original length.
* A square and a rectangle both have the same perimeter. The square has the greater area.
* Draw two rectangles. The one with the  greater area will also have the greater  perimeter.
We will explore ideas like these further in the unit on enquiry.
}}
= Discussion of ICT activities =  




{{activity|group discussion}} As a group, discuss how this exploration went. Discuss the questions posed above!
{{activity|group discussion}} As a group, discuss how this exploration went. Discuss the questions posed above!


{{ednote|text=
{{ednote|text=
The facilitator may like to record what the teachers have suggested in a table format on the blackboard:
If there is time, the facilitator may like to record what the teachers have suggested in a table format on the blackboard:
 


{| border=1
{| border=1
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||Advantages/disadvantages of using this ICT for activity in the classroom:
||Advantages/disadvantages of using this ICT for activity in the classroom:
||
||
|-
|}
|}


If you are participating in our [[OER4Schools/facilitators programme|facilitators programme]], please collect the data, and submit it for review.
If you are participating in our [[OER4Schools/facilitators programme|facilitators programme]], please collect the data, and submit it for review.
}}
}}
= Unit 4 review and assessment portfolio =
= Unit 4 review and assessment portfolio =


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* Do a final update of your assessment inventory on any AfL measures you have tried out this week.
* Do a final update of your assessment inventory on any AfL measures you have tried out this week.
* As above, commit to one or two techniques that you will try out this week to maintain the pace of your lesson and ensure that all students are actively engaged throughout.
* As above, commit to one or two techniques that you will try out this week to maintain the pace of your lesson and ensure that all students are actively engaged throughout.
* Try out the sequencing activity or a geogebra activity in class. Bear in mind AfL measures, and try them out during the lesson
* Try out the sequencing activity in class. Bear in mind AfL measures, and try them out during the lesson
* Do the assessment portfolio
* Prepare / complete your assessment portfolio
* If you have time, have another play with GeoGebra.