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{{OER4S}}
{{OER4S
|title=When to use group work and how to manage it
|session=3.2
}}{{OER4SchoolsWSInfo
|intention={{ OER4SchoolsWSInfo/intention intro}}
* when and why to use group work in the classroom
* three different aspects of managing group work:
** '''group composition''' and formation
** '''ground rules''' during group work
** group size and seating arrangement
* '''"carousel"''' group work (sometimes called a circus of activities) where different groups do the same activities but in a different order


= Review of homework and classroom activities =
|success criteria={{ OER4SchoolsWSInfo/criteria intro}}
*  participate in a magic microphone reasoning activity, suggesting a specific example of when group work could be used in the classroom with reasons
*  work as part of a small group on one aspect of managing group work and prepare and deliver a presentation on it to the whole group
*  actively listen to other groups presentations on two other aspects of managing group work
*  watch a video and discuss 'carousel' group work, thinking particularly about its use in a limited resource environment


|ict={{ OER4SchoolsWSInfo/ICT intro}}
Classroom use of
*  Geogebra,
*  slideshows,
*  (optional) concept mapping software.


== Whole group discussion: Concept mapping ==
{{ OER4SchoolsWSInfo/ICT intro students}} 
* You will do a lesson with your students that involves Geogebra, slideshows, or (optionally) concept mapping software.


* Did you try drawing concept maps on the netbooks? Were you able to use coloured boxes? Briefly share issues that you were able to resolve. Discuss issues that are still not resolved.
}}
* Did you try the concept mapping activity with pupils in your class? How did the pupils respond to the activity, especially reasoning and building on each other’s responses? If they did this, how were you able to achieve it? Share specific examples of pupil talk and teacher talk.
* Did you use a digital projector in the class? Was it useful for the concept mapping activity? Why?
* What would you change when you carry out the concept mapping activity again? Make a note for yourself about any changes so you can remember for next time.
 
Get into the same three groups that were formed during the last session for same-task and different-tasks activity (Unit 3 Session 1, Activity 3)
 
 
== Small group discussion: Groupwork activities ==


= {{name for review of follow up}} =


* The volunteers who posted questions for group work on the googlegroups should share their experience of working on googlegroups. How difficult or easy was this? Would you recommend other participants to try it? What advice would you give them?
{{review of follow up}}
* Did you carry out a same-task group work activity in your class? Which topic did you choose? Was there any pupil learning about the topic that could be achieved through group work but would not be possible through whole class teaching? Elaborate your answer.
* Did you carry out a different-tasks group work activity in your class? What were the advantages of this type of group work? Share specific examples.
* What issues did you face while teaching through group work? Specifically think about challenges related to pupils’ interaction with each other such as involving all members in discussion, dominant and shy pupils, agreement and disagreement, and noise. How did you resolve these issues? Write a note for yourself about the steps you will take to resolve these issues next time.


=2. Objectives for this session=


* Substantiating uses of group work for teaching and learning
= Reinforcing understanding of group work: Using the Magic Microphone for reasoning =
* Learning to manage group work effectively in the classroom
* Learning different organisational strategies for group work


= Activities =
[[Image:oer4s groupwork general2.jpg|300px|thumb]]
== Activity One: Reinforcing understanding of group work ==
{{activity|Individual activity| on answering the question:  'When would you use group work in your classroom and why?' .|10}} Think of answers to the question below. You can write them on a mini-blackboard or sheet of paper for reference during the activity. Think of as many answers as possible and '''give a reason in each case.''' (Tip: think of the Powerpoint presentation about questioning strategies that you saw in the previous session and draw on your own experience of carrying out group work in the classroom.)


QUESTION:  '''When would you use group work in your classroom and why?'''


'''Magic Microphone for reasoning '''
Give concrete examples of specific lesson activities where possible. For example:
 
* when a topic has many sub-topics '''because''' the sub-topics can be mastered by small groups and then taught to other groups, as in different types of pollution
* when summarising the topic that has extended over many lessons (give example) '''because''' pupils can remind each other about the things that they have learnt without repetition by the teacher
* when applications of a topic (give example) are being discussed  '''because''' there can be many answers for this
* when practising a new skill (e.g. working out the average) to allow learners to learn from each other


{{Ednote|text=
{{Ednote|text=
 
We did a simple version of the magic microphone activity in [[OER4Schools/2.1_Introduction_to_whole_class_dialogue_and_effective_questioning|Unit 2 Session 1]]. Now we are taking this to the next level to explicitly promote '''reasoning''' among participants as well as pupils.
We did a simple version of this activity in Unit 2 Session 1. Now we are taking this to the next level to explicitly promote '''reasoning''' among participants as well as pupils.
 


For this activity, you will need a prop such as a stick, a pen, a ball or an empty water bottle.
For this activity, you will need a prop such as a stick, a pen, a ball or an empty water bottle.


Allow 8-10 minutes thinking time before passing around the prop.
Allow 8-10 minutes thinking time before passing around the prop.
}}
}}




'''A<nowiki> [</nowiki>Individual activity]''' Think of answers to the question below. You can write them on a mini-blackboard or sheet of paper for reference during the activity. Think of as many answers as possible and '''give a reason in each case.''' (Tip: think of the Powerpoint presentation about questioning strategies that you saw in the previous session and draw on your own experience of carrying out group work in the classroom.)
{{activity|mm| activity on group work.|5}} Pass a prop around. Whoever has the prop answers the question above and gives their reason(s).  
 
 
* '''When would you use group work in your classroom? Why? '''Give concrete examples of specific lesson activities where possible. For example,
** when a topic has many sub-topics '''because '''the sub-topics can be mastered by small groups and then taught to other groups, as in different types of pollution
** <nowiki>when summarising the topic that has extended over many lessons [give example] </nowiki>'''because''' pupils can remind each other about the things that they have learnt without repetition by the teacher
** <nowiki>when applications of a topic [give example] are being discussed </nowiki>'''because''' there can be many answers for this
 
'''B<nowiki> [</nowiki>Whole group] '''Pass a prop around. Whoever has the prop answers the question above and gives their reason(s).  
 


{{Ednote|text=
{{Ednote|text=
Ask every participant to contribute one answer initially, with a '''reason'''. Encourage them to avoid repeating an answer that has been already said. In the end, if time permits, you can ask participants to contribute any reason that they have written but has not yet been said by any other participant.  
Ask every participant to contribute one answer initially, with a '''reason'''. Encourage them to avoid repeating an answer that has been already said. In the end, if time permits, you can ask participants to contribute any reason that they have written but has not yet been said by any other participant.  


Emphasise that participants should give reasons for their answers or answer the ‘why’ question. Ideally they should mention a specific lesson topic example.
Emphasise that participants should give reasons for their answers or answer the ‘why’ question. Ideally they should mention a specific lesson topic example.


Some examples of expected answers are:
Some examples of expected answers are:
* when peers can be useful learning resources for each other
* when peers can be useful learning resources for each other
* to encourage sharing, reasoning and challenging of ideas
* to encourage sharing, reasoning and challenging of ideas
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If any of the points above are not mentioned by participants, you can state them in the end.  
If any of the points above are not mentioned by participants, you can state them in the end.  
}}
}}


= Managing group work =


== Activity Two: Managing group work ==
{{Ednote|text=
Place three containers (or sheets of paper) on the table. Label them ‘same task’, ‘different tasks’ and ‘both’.
}}


{{activity|practical activity|: Indicating your progress with group work.|5}} Write your name on a slip (small piece) of paper and fold it. Drop your name slip in the ‘same task’ container if you are confident about carrying out same task group activity in the class. Similarly, drop it in the container ‘different tasks’ if you are confident about carrying out different tasks and ‘both’ container if you are confident about ‘both’.


{{Ednote|text=
{{Ednote|text=
Pull out one name from each container and group them together as Group 1 (G1). Similarly form groups G2 and G3.  If there are too many names in one container and too few in another, adjust the numbers taken from each container whilst trying to maintain a level of similarity in group composition. The aim is to form groups that have the same level of 'expertise' in managing group work.  Alternatively you could choose another strategy of forming groups from the document ‘Group composition and formation’.  Try to manage this process of forming groups swiftly. 
}}


Place three containers (or sheets of paper) on the table. Label them ‘same-task’, ‘different-tasks’ and ‘both’.
{{activity|dtgw| on managing group work in the classroom.|20}}
The three mixed groups will work on different aspects of managing group work in classroom. They are:
* G1: Group composition and formation ({{File|Group Composition and Formation.pdf}})
* G2: Ground rules during group work ({{File|Ground Rules.pdf}})
* G3: Group size and seating arrangement ({{File|Group Size and Seating Arrangement.pdf}})


}}
Read the document for your group. Do the group tasks mentioned in your document.


Group G2 will watch a video during their task.


Write your name on a slip (small piece) of paper and fold it. Drop your name slip in the ‘same-task’ container if you are confident about carrying out same-task group activity in the class. Similarly, drop it in the container ‘different-tasks’ if you are confident about carrying out different-tasks and ‘both’ container if you are confident about ‘both’.
{{activity|group presentations| on managing group work.|15}}  At the end, present what you have learned about managing group work for the benefit of other participants (see details in your document).




{{Ednote|text=
{{Ednote|text=


Pull out one name from each container and group them together as Group 1 (G1). Similarly form groups G2 and G3.
{{: video/How_to_Involve_Students_in_Setting_Up_Their_Own_Ground_Rules.mp4 }}


Before the session starts prepare this video clip for G2 to access on a netbook. Ask G2 members to sit near the netbook during the task.


If there are too many names in one container and too few in another, choose another strategy of forming groups from the document ‘Group composition and formation’.
Allow G1 and G3 participants to choose an area where they wish to work.


}}
Distribute the document ‘[[File:Group Composition and Formation.pdf|Group composition and formation]]’ to G1, ‘[[File:Ground Rules.pdf|Ground rules]]’ to G2 and ‘[[File:Group Size and Seating Arrangement.pdf|Group size and seating arrangement]]’ to G3 at this stage.


Allow 30 minutes for the group tasks. After 20 minutes, remind the groups that they should start preparing their presentation if they have not already done so.


The three mixed groups will work on different aspects of managing group work in classroom. They are:
Visit each group during the group task. Assist them if they need help in understanding the information in the document or group task. Ask questions to monitor understanding. Suggest ideas only if the participants ask for your suggestions.


* G1: Group composition and formation
Ensure that all participants have all documents before the presentations at the end of this activity.
* G2: Ground rules during group work
* G3: Group size and seating arrangement


Read the document for your group. Do the group tasks mentioned in your document.
}}


Group G2 will watch a video during their task.
= Classroom organisational strategies and carousel group work =


{{activity|otr|: Video on classroom organisational strategies and carousel group work.|10}}


At the end, present what you have learned about managing group work for the benefit of other participants (see details in your document).
[[File: Carousel.jpg|right]]
The video below shows some classroom organisational strategies mainly around group work.  We will watch the first 10 minutes of the video now and the rest can be watched after the session in participants' own time. Although the video describes science teaching in the UK context, the principles are generic and can be applied in various curriculum areas and contexts. The organisation called the ‘circus of activities’ is commonly known as a ‘carousel’ because the children move around the classroom like the hobby horses move around a carousel (see image).


Suggested questions for reflection on video:
{{: Video/Primary_Science_-_Classroom_Organisation.mp4/reflection }}


{{Ednote|text=
{{: Video/Primary_Science_-_Classroom_Organisation.mp4 }}


{{video|name=How to Involve Students in Setting Up Their Own Ground Rules|duration=4:08|src=uBk4Hq4IEx8}}
{{Related resources|text=


Before the session starts prepare this video clip for G2 to access on a netbook. Ask G2 members to sit near the netbook during the task.  
The '''TESSA''' resource ''Investigating Number and Pattern : Learning through games'' consists of five traditional number-based games that you can play with your students to help enhance their mathematical understanding.  They range from mental arithmetic games played with the whole class to more complex board games to be played in groups as part of a carousel of number-based activities. Useful case studies and an interesting context (a story of a boy whose arithmetic improved because he entered puzzles into a competition) are also included with the resource.


Allow G1 and G3 participants to choose an area where they wish to work.
[[File: Learning_through_games.pdf]]


}}


Distribute the document ‘Group composition and formation’ to G1, ‘Ground rules’ to G2 and ‘Group size and seating arrangement’ to G3 at this stage.


{{activity|wcd|: Discussion on Video on classroom organisational strategies and carousel group work.|10}}


Allow 30 minutes for the group tasks. After 20 minutes, remind the groups that they should start preparing their presentation if they have not already done so.


{{ednote|text=
{{activitytag|Carousel}} group work is an important concept, for instance in situations where there are not enough ICTs available to 'go round'. Rather than distributing available ICTs 'thinly', you can do carousel group work instead. We have already alluded to this when introducing typing practice in the classroom.


Visit each group during the group task. Assist them if they need help in understanding the information in the document or group task. Ask questions to monitor understanding. Suggest ideas only if the participants ask for your suggestions.
The TESSA resource on learning through games contains cultural games that can be played in groups as a carousel of activities (meaning that only one of each game is required rather than a class set).
 
 
Ensure that all participants have all documents before the presentations at the end of this activity.


}}
}}


== Activity Three: Reflection on video ==
= {{Name for ICT practice with dtgw}} =
 
{{:OER4Schools/ICT/include}}
 
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kz2c5OJ5Yx0


= {{Name for connecting with overarching goals}} =


This video shows some classroom organisational strategies mainly around group work. Although the video describes science teaching in the UK context, the principles are generic and can be applied in various curriculum areas and contexts. The organisation called the ‘circus of activities’ is commonly known as a ‘carousel’.
{{Activity for connecting with overarching goals}}


= Follow-up activities =


'''Suggested questions for reflection on video:'''
{{activity|Agreeing follow up activities|5}}


* Summarise the '''different classroom organisation strategies''' that you saw in this video:
{{fup|A}} Try the magic microphone activity with '''reasoning '''in your class. Form an open question that is related to the topic that students are learning followed by ‘why’. Encourage students to answer the ‘why’ question.
** Whole class introduction
** Whole class doing same practical activity
** Groups doing different practical activities
** Circus of activities or carousel of activities
** One group only doing science
** Whole class demonstration
** Sharing science books with the whole class


* What is '''one new thing that you have learned''' from this video? How can you transfer what you have learned to another curriculum area besides science?
{{fup|B}} During the second activity you read one document on managing group work. Read the other two documents. Make a note of any questions that you might have about them.  List examples of objectives that can be achieved through different types of groups in the document ‘Group composition and formation’.


* How did the teachers in this video make '''use of ICT resources during group work'''? Suggest some ways in which you can use those or other ICT resources in your classroom? (You can also think of improvising with the materials available in your surroundings, if there is no ICT)
{{fup|C}} Try one new organisational strategy that you saw in the video in your classroom, in any curriculum area.


* What is the role of teachers before the group work and after the group work? Is it different from your current practice? If yes, in what ways is it different?
{{fup|D}} Watch the rest of the video on carousel group work and complete the remaining questions.


* What did the teachers in the video do while the pupils were doing group work? Is it different from your current practice? If yes, what changes, if any, would you like to make for effective group work in your class?
{{setting of follow up}}


* What do you think about noise in the classroom during group work from this video? What can you do to make sure that noise is productive during group work?
= Acknowledgement =
We are grateful to '''Prof Tina Jarvis and colleagues''' for permission to use their [[ Video/Primary_Science_-_Classroom_Organisation.mp4 |  Primary Science - Classroom Organisation ]] video, produced by the SCIcentre (National Centre for Initial Teacher Training in Primary School Science).


= Homework =
{{activity summary}}


* Try the magic microphone activity with '''reasoning '''in your class. Form an open question that is related to the topic that they are learning followed by ‘why’. Encourage them to answer the ‘why’ question.
{{OER4S_NextSession}}
* List examples of objectives that can be achieved through different types of groups in the document ‘Group composition and formation’.
* During Activity Two you read one document on managing group work. Read the other two documents. Write down any questions that you might have about them.
* Try one new organisational strategy that you saw in the video in your classroom, in any curriculum area.
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